I'm going through the driver's licencing process here in Ontario, and it's a fair bit more complicated.
You start off by taking a laws, signs etc. test and you get your G1 licence. (You can retake the test for $10, if you fail 4 times in a row they make you come back another day). You must be 16 years or older to get your licence.
To graduate to the G2 licence, you must either wait 1 year or take driving lessons and become qualified in 8 months instead. Getting your G2 involves a quick road test (which I took yesterday and passed first try! :)).
The next step up is your G licence, and that's your regular licence with no restrictions. Another bigger road test is required for this one, and you MUST wait 1 year after getting your G2.
A few other notes of interest:
-G1 has a lot of restrictions (must have a driver with 4 years of G driving in the passenger seat, not out between 12 and 5 AM, no freeways, etc.), while most restrictions are lifted when you get your G2.
-I think there's also a restriction about the number of non-family members you're allowed to have in the car with you. If not, there's political movement to establish that after an accident where 5 teenagers died.
For drinking (liquor, of course) I think it's 21. You need to be 19 to buy cigarettes, but I'm not sure if smoking them is illegal or not under that age. Providing them to a minor is a big offence here. Casinos are also 19+.